noun / suffix HSK 4
xìng
nature · character · sex/gender · property · -ness/-ity (suffix)

Meaning

refers to the inherent nature, character, or essential quality of something. It can mean biological sex, personal temperament, or the fundamental properties of objects. As a suffix, it creates abstract nouns from adjectives, similar to English '-ness' or '-ity' (like 可能 'possibility').

Usage

is extremely productive as a suffix in modern Chinese, forming countless abstract nouns (重要, 可靠, etc.). When standing alone, context determines whether it means 'nature/character', 'sex/gender', or 'property'. In formal or scientific contexts, it often refers to characteristics or properties. The meaning 'sex' is direct and clinical; for gender identity or more nuanced discussions, 别 is more common.

Examples

  1. 01
    这个问题的重要不言而喻。
    Zhège wèntí de zhòngyàoxìng bùyán'éryù.
    The importance of this problem is self-evident.
  2. 02
    他的格很开朗。
    de xìnggé hěn kāilǎng.
    His personality is very cheerful.

Common collocations

  • 可能
    kěnéngxìng
    possibility
  • 重要
    zhòngyàoxìng
    importance
  • /女
    nánxìng/nǚxìng
    male/female
  • xìngzhì
    nature, character, quality

Origin

The character combines 心 (heart/mind) and 生 (birth/life), suggesting the innate qualities one is born with or the natural tendencies of the heart/mind.

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